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The Story of the Despairing King and His Forgiveness

English Translation

A righteous and just man saw—in a true dream—the image of an unjust, tyrannical king.

The righteous man asked the oppressor: “What has God done with you, O oppressor? And how did you fare in the Hereafter, in recompense for the days of injustice you committed in this world?”

The oppressor replied: “When my life came to an end and I stood upon the threshold of death, I yearned to traverse the entire cosmos…

…to see who might hope for my deliverance and guidance, and who might look upon me—and pray for me—with an eye of mercy and divine providence.”

I found no compassion or mercy for me in the heart of any created being, nor did anyone harbor the hope or belief that divine generosity would reach me.

My limbs trembled and shook like willow branches; my face darkened with shame, and all hope in creation vanished from my heart.

I cast myself into the depths of utter self-abasement and brokenness, placing my reliance and trust solely in the Truth’s forgiveness and mercy.

I cried out to the Creator: “O You, in Whose presence I stand—a wretched, shame-filled sinner, trembling for my own soul—pardon the humbled and the ashamed, and overlook their slips.

Even though I have transgressed the bounds of Your command and disobeyed, do not turn me away empty-handed.” For all of creation has cast me out and rejected me.

So, either You discipline and punish me with a spark of Your Fire, or You treat me in a manner contrary to what all of creation expects of me—by pardoning me.

When the Succorer of the distressed saw me—ashamed and broken—the Succorer of the forsaken (Allah Almighty) came to my aid.

The breaths of Divine Generosity met my sincere supplication; they lifted the burdens and heavy loads from me and raised me to the Presence of Acceptance.

For every breath that emanates from sincere remorse and brokenness becomes a guardian and a savior against the terrors of the Day of Judgment.

O you who measure your breaths as one measures the wind—letting them pass swiftly without benefit, while amassing worldly wealth that yields no profit for the Hereafter—know that all your past breaths stand as a measure of loss and a scale of reckoning.

Suppose the measure of your wasted years and months is full, and that this month and this year have passed…

…leaving the scale of your deeds devoid of good works and the measure of your acts of obedience empty, while your record is filled with sins.

Do not turn the stones of the earth into weights for your scale, nor make clay beads into ornaments or amulets for your arm—[seeking to] attract sustenance or ward off harm through mere human superstitions.

For everything in this world to which you have clung amounts to no more than a single dirham, and the entirety of the life you live extends no further than a single breath.

Therefore, whatever spoils or possessions you have gathered in this chamber—this worldly life—return them and spend them [in the path of good]. Do not hoard anything for yourself; instead, hasten to give whatever you can.

So that when the Day of Reckoning arrives—bringing true happiness and salvation—your neck may be free from the burden of injustices, and your mouth clear of forbidden things and false claims.

Thus, your soul will not be tainted by the wealth of orphans—a debt that must be repaid to them—nor will your neck be weighed down by the grievances of the destitute elderly.

Cast aside this worn-out, tattered carpet—the carpet of this worldly life—and shake off the sins that stain your soul.

You must either walk the path like a wayfarer, carrying the provisions for the journey—the provision of piety—or withdraw from the world into seclusion, just as Nizami did.

Sufi and Gnostic Meanings

The Allegorical Structure of the Story (Practical Application of the First Discourse): This allegorical story lends practical authenticity to everything the poet stated in the “First Discourse.” He demonstrated that Adam did not ascend to the throne of vicegerency merely by virtue of his clay nature; rather, he attained it only after casting aside arrogance and prostrating himself in shame, acknowledging his own inadequacy.

In this story, the “Tyrannical King” appears as the ultimate archetype of the human being who acted with arrogance and injustice. Yet, upon realizing that all worldly means had failed him and that creation had turned away from him, he surrendered himself to a state of profound confession and shame. Divine mercy then overflowed upon him—mercy that confounded the expectations of all creation.

The imagery of the “Wind-Weigher” (Badsanj): “All your breaths, O weigher of the wind…” The poet constructs a satirical metaphor depicting the heedless human’s worldly pursuits, labeling him a “wind-weigher” (one who measures the wind or weighs the air). The poet implies that all your worldly calculations—amassing wealth and compounding acts of injustice—amount to nothing more than weighing the air; when you stand before the scales of the Hereafter, you discover that you have measured out only loss and weighed only misery.

The dignity of “withdrawal and seclusion” (Verse 23): “Or, like Nizami, seek a secluded corner of the world…” The poet concludes this poem by advocating for one of two paths: either “active engagement”—like the wayfarer who carries the provision of piety—or “sincere seclusion”—as Nizami himself did when he withdrew from the royal courts of Ganja to devote himself to crafting the gems of Makhzan al-Asrar (The Treasury of Secrets).

The triumph of mercy over human justice: “Act differently from everyone else.” The poet distinguishes between “human justice” (which holds that the oppressor cannot be forgiven) and “absolute Divine mercy.” People judge based on outward appearances and often abandon hope, whereas God Almighty accepts a servant’s confession when it is sincere—born of true contrition and shame—and forgives him in a manner that defies all human calculations.

Liberation from Injustices: Sufis emphasize that spiritual freedom cannot be attained unless the body is cleansed of orphans’ wealth and the dues owed to the destitute. Whoever bears the burden of wrongs committed against others remains a captive until those rights are restored to their rightful owners.

Words for Learning

  • Badsanj: One who weighs the wind or measures the air (a metaphor for one who pursues futility and fleeting things).
  • Shihna-ye Ghawgha: The guardian amidst the terrors, or the savior from the clamor of the Day of Judgment.
  • Mohre-ye Gel: Clay beads or earthenware amulets (a symbol of false, material adornment).
  • Farsh-e Kohan-pood: A worn-out, tattered rug (a metaphor for the world and its worldly goods).
  • Rah-toosheh: Provisions for the journey, or the sustenance required for the journey to the Hereafter.

Arabic Translation

رَأَى رَجُلٌ صَالِحٌ عَادِلٌ فِي مَنَامِهِ (رُؤْيَا صَادِقَةً) صُورَةَ لمَلِكٍ ظَالِمٍ مُتجبر

فَقَالَ الرَجل الصَالح للظالمِ: مَاذَا فَعَلَ اللهُ بِكَ أَيُّهَا الظَّالِمُ؟ وَكَيْفَ كَانَتْ لَيْلَتُكَ فِي الْآخِرَةِ جَزَاءً عَلَى أَيَّامِ مَظَالِمِكَ فِي الدُّنْيَا؟

فَأَجَابَهُ الظَّالِمُ: حِينَمَا أنْقَضَتْ حَيَاتِي وَأَشْرَفْتُ عَلَى الْمَوْتِ، طَمَحْتُ بالطوافِ على أَرْجَاءِ الْكَوْنِ كُلِّهِ

لِأَرَى مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يَرْجُو لِيَ الْخَلَاصَ وَالْهِدَايَةَ، وَمَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يَتَطَلَّعُ ويَدعو من أجلي، بعَيْنِ الرَّحْمَةِ وَالْعِنَايَةِ الْإِلَهِيَّةِ؟

فَلَمْ أَجِدْ فِي قَلْبِ أَحَدٍ مِنَ الْخَلْقِ شَفَقَةً أَوْ رَحْمَةً نَحْوِي، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لِأَحَدٍ أَمَلٌ أَوْ ظَنٌّ فِي أَنْ يَنَالَنِي الْكَرَمُ الْإِلَهِيُّ

فَأرْتَعَدَتْ أَوْصَالِي وَأرْتَجَفْتُ كَأَغْصَانِ الصَّفْصَافِ، وَأسْوَدَّ وَجْهِي خَجَلًا، وَأنْقَطَعَ رَجَاءُ قَلْبِي مِنَ الْخَلْقِ أَجمعين

فَأَلْقَيْتُ بِنَفْسِي فِي غَيَاهِبِ الإسِتغراقِ وَالإنْكِسَارِ، وَجَعَلْتُ إعْتِمَادِي وَتَوكِلَي عَلَى غُفْرَانِ الْحَقِّ وَرَحْمَتِهِ

وَهَتَفْتُ أنادي الخَالق: يَا مَنْ أَنَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ مِسْكِينٌ خَجِلٌ وَمُذْنِبٌ مُشْفِقٌ على نَفسي، أعْفُ عَنِ الْخَجِلِينَ الْمُسْتَكِينِينَ وَتَجَاوَزْ عَنْ زَلَّاتِهِمْ

وَإِنْ كُنْتُ قَدْ تَعَدَّيْتُ حُدُودَ أَمْرِكَ وَعَصَيْتُ، فَلَا تَرُدَّنِي خَائِبًا؛ فَقَدْ طَرَدَنِي وَرَفَضَنِي الْخَلْقُ جَمِيعًا

فَإِمَّا أَنْ تُؤَدِّبَنِي وَتُعَاقِبَنِي بِشَرَارَةٍ مِنْ نَارِكَ، وَإِمَّا أَنْ تُعَامِلَنِي بِعَكْسِ ظُنُونِ الْخَلْقِ جَمِيعًا بي (فَتَعْفُوَ عَنِّي)

فَلَمَّا رَآنِي مُغِيثُ الْمَلْهُوفِينَ، خَجِلًا مُنْكَسِرًا، أَغَاثَنِي مُغِيثُ الْمُنْقَطِعِينَ (اللهُ تَعَالَى)

فَتَلَقَّتْ نَفَحَاتُ الْكَرَمِ الْإِلَهِيِّ صِدْقَ تَوسلي، فَأزالت عَنِّي أَوْزَارِي وَأَثْقَالِي، وَرَفَعَتْنِي إِلَى حَضْرَةِ الْقَبُولِ

فإِنَّ كُلَّ نَفَسٍ يَنَبَثِقُ منهُ نَّدَمِ وَإنْكِسَارِ الصَّادِقِ، يَصِيرُ هُوَ الْحَارِسَ وَالْمُنْجِيَ مِنْ أَهْوَالِ يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ

فيَا مَنْ تَحسِبُ (تَقيس) أنفاسكَ، مثل حِساب الرياح (تَمضي بُسرعة دُون نفعٍ، وتجمع أموال الدنيا، بلا نفع للأخرة)، فإِنَّ كُلَّ أَنْفَاسِكَ الْمَاضِيَةِ هِيَ مِكْيَالُ خُسْرَانٍ وَمِيزَانُ شَقَاءٍ

فأفْتَرِضْ أَنَّ مِكْيَالَ خُسْرَانِ سِنِينَكَ وَأَشْهُرِكَ قَدِ أكْتَمَلَ، وَأَنَّ هَذَا الشَّهْرَ وَهَذِهِ السَّنَةَ قَدِ أنْقَضَيَا

وبَقِيَ مِيزَانُ أَعْمَالِكَ خَالِيًا مِنَ الْحَسَنَاتِ، وَفَرَغَ مِكْيَالُ الطَّاعَاتِ، بَيْنَمَا أمْتَلَأَ كِتابكً بالْآثَامِ

فَلَا تَجْعَلْ حِجَارَةَ الْأَرْضِ أَمْوَالًا لِمِيزَانِكَ، وَلَا تَجْعَلْ خَرَزَاتِ الطِّينِ، زِينَةً وَتَمَائِمَ لِذِرَاعِكَ (*جَلب الرِزق ودَفع الأذى، خرافات إنسانية)

فإِنَّ كُلَّ مَا تَعَلَّقْتَ بِهِ في الدُنيا، لَا يَزِيدُ عَنْ دِرْهَمٍ وَاحِدٍ، وَإِنَّ كُلَّ حَيَاتِكَ الَّتِي تَعِيشُهَا لَا تَتَجَاوَزُ نَفَسًا وَاحِدًا

فَكُلُّ مَا غَنِمْتَهُ وَأَخَذْتَهُ فِي هَذِهِ الْحُجْرَةِ (الدُّنْيَا)، أَعِدْهُ وَأَنْفِقْهُ؛ وَلَا تَحْتَكِرْ شَيْئًا لِنَفْسِكَ، بَلْ بَادِرْ بِالْعَطَاءِ مَا أسْتَطَعْتَ

حَتَّى إِذَا جَاءَ يَوْمُ الْحِسَابِ، الَّذِي فِيهِ السَّعَادَةُ وَالْخَلَاصُ، تَكُونُ عُنُقُكَ حُرَّةً مِنَ الْمَظَالِمِ، وَفَمُكَ خَالِيًا مِنَ الْحَرَامِ وَالدَّعَاوَى الزَّائِفَةِ

فَلَا تكُونُ نفسكَ مُلَطَّخةٌ بِأموال (الذَي هُو دَين يَجب رَده لهم) الْيَتَامَى، وَلَا تَكُونُ عُنُقُكَ مُثْقَلَةً بِحَمْلِ مَظَالِمِ كِبار السِن الْمَسَاكِينِ

فَاتْرُكْ هَذَا الْبِسَاطَ الْبَالِيَ الْمُتَهَرِّئَ (بِسَاطَ الدُّنْيَا)، وَأنْفُضْ عَنْكَ هَذَه النَفسِ الْمُلَطَّخَة بِالْآثَامِ

فَإِمَّا أَنْ تَسْلُكَ كَالْغُرَبَاءِ السَّالِكِينَ وتَحْمِلُ مَعكَ زَادَ الطَّرِيقِ (زاد التقوى)، وَإِمَّا أَنْ تَعْتَزِلَ الدُّنْيَا فِي كُنْفِ الْعُزْلَةِ كَمَا أعْتَزَلَهَا نِظَامِيُّ

المعاني الصوفية والعرفانية

الْبِنْيَةُ التَّمْثِيلِيَّةُ لِلْقِصَّةِ (التَّطْبِيقُ الْعَمَلِيُّ لِلْمَقَالَةِ الْأُولَى): تَمْنَحُ هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةُ التَّمْثِيلِيَّةُ صِدْقًا عَمَلِيًّا لِكُلِّ مَا قَالَهُ الشاعر فِي “الْمَقَالَةِ الْأُولَى”؛ إِذْ بَيَّنَ فِي أَنَّ آدَمَ لَمْ يَرْتَقِ إِلَى عَرْشِ الْخِلَافَةِ بِمُجَرَّدِ طِينَتِهِ، بَلْ بَعْدَ أَنْ أَلْقَى التَّكَبُّرَ وَخَرَّ خَجِلًا مُعْتَرِفًا بَقُصُورِهِ (چون تو خجلوار برآری نفس)

و فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ، يَأْتِي “الْمَلِكُ الظَّالِمُ” كَأَقْصَى نَمُوذَجٍ لِلْإِنْسَانِ الَّذِي أسْتَكْبَرَ وَظَلَمَ، لَكِنَّهُ حِينَمَا أَدْرَكَ إنْقِطَاعَ الْأَسْبَابِ وَإنْكِسَارَ الْخَلْقِ عَنْهُ، أَلْقَى نَفْسَهُ فِي غَرَقِ الإعْتِرَافِ وَالْخَجَلِ؛ فَفَاضَتْ عَلَيْهِ الرَّحْمَةُ الْإِلَهِيَّةُ الَّتِي خَيَّبَتْ ظُنُونَ الْخَلْقِ جَمِيعًا

تَصْوِيرُ “بَادْسَنِج” (كَيْلِ الرِّيَاحِ): “جمله نفس‌های تو ای بادسنج…”؛ يَبْنِي الشاعر صُورَةً بَلَاغِيَّةً سَاخِرَةً مِنْ سَعْيِ الْإِنْسَانِ الْغَافِلِ فِي الدُّنْيَا؛ إِذْ يُسَمِّيهِ “بَادْسَنِج” (مَنْ يَكِيلُ الرِّيحَ أَوْ يَزِنُ الْهَوَاءَ). حيث يَقُولُ الشاعر: كُلُّ حِسَابَاتِكَ الدُّنْيَوِيَّةِ فِي جَمْعِ الْأَمْوَالِ وَتَكْثِيرِ الْمَظَالِمِ لَيْسَتْ سِوَى وَزْنٍ لِلْهَوَاءِ، وَعِنْدَمَا تَقِفُ أَمَامَ الْمِيزَانِ الْأُخْرَوِيِّ، تَجِدُ أَنَّكَ كِلْتَ الخُسْرَانَ وَوَزَنْتَ الشَّقَاءَ

عِزَّةُ “الإنْكِفَاءِ وَالْعُزْلَةِ” (الْبَيْتُ ٢٣): “یا چو نظامی ز جهان گوشه گیر”؛ يَخْتِمُ الشاعر مَنْظُومَتَهُ هَذِهِ بِالدَّعْوَةِ إِلَى إِحْدَى خِيَارَيْنِ: إِمَّا “السَّلُوكِ الْفَعَّالِ” كَالْغَرِيبِ الَّذِي يَحْمِلُ زَادَ التَّقْوَى، وَإِمَّا “الْعُزْلَةِ الصَّادِقَةِ” كَمَا فَعَلَ نِظَامِيُّ نَفْسُهُ؛ إِذِ أعْتَزَلَ بَلَاطَاتِ السَّلَاطِينِ فِي مَدِينَةِ گنْجَةَ لِيَتَفَرَّغَ لِصِيَاغَةِ جَوَاهِرِ “مَخْزَنِ الْأَسْرَارِ”

غَلَبَةُ الرَّحْمَةِ عَلَى الْعَدْلِ الْبَشَرِيِّ: “یا به خلاف همه کاری بکن”؛ يُمَيِّزُ الشاعر بَيْنَ “الْعَدْلِ الْبَشَرِيِّ” (الَّذِي يَرَى أَنَّ الظَّالِمَ لَا يُمِكْنُ أَنْ يُغْفَرَ لَهُ) وَبَيْنَ “الرَّحْمَةِ الْإِلَهِيَّةِ الْمُطْلَقَةِ”؛ فَالْخَلْقُ يَحْكُمُونَ بِالظَّوَاهِرِ وَيَقْطَعُونَ الرَّجَاءَ، بَيْنَمَا اللهُ تَعَالَى يَقْبَلُ إعْتِرَافَ العَبْدِ حِينَمَا يَصْدُقُ فِي إنْكِسَارِهِ وَخَجَلِهِ، فَيَغْفِرُ لَهُ بِمَا يُخَالِفُ كُلَّ حِسَابَاتِ الْبَشَرِ

الْخَلَاصُ مِنَ الْمَظَالِمِ (گردنت آزاد و دهانت تهی): يُؤَكِّدُ الصُّوفِيَّةُ أَنَّ حُرِّيَّةَ الرُّوحِ لَا تَتَحَقَّقُ إِلَّا بِخَلَاصِ الْجَسَدِ مِنْ أَمْوَالِ الْيَتَامَى وَحُقُوقِ الْمَسَاكِينِ؛ فَمَنْ كَانَتْ عُنُقُهُ مَرْهُونَةً بِمَظَالِمِ الْخَلْقِ، يَبْقَى أَسِيرًا حَتَّى يُؤَدِّيَ الْحُقُوقَ إِلَى أَصْحَابِهَا

كَلِمَاتٌ لِلْتَّعَلُّمِ

بَادْسَنِج: مَنْ يَزِنُ الرِّيحَ أَوْ يَكِيلُ الْهَوَاءَ (كِنَايَةٌ عَنِ السَّاعِي فِي الْبَاطِلِ وَالْفَانِيَاتِ)
شِحْنِهٔ غَوْغَا: حَارِسُ الْأَهْوَالِ أَوْ الْمُنْقِذُ مِنْ ضَوْضَاءِ يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ
مُهْرِهٔ گِل: خَرَزَاتُ الطِّينِ أَوْ التَّمَائِمُ الْفَخَّارِيَّةُ (رمز الزِّينَةِ الْمَادِّيَّةِ الزَّائِفَةِ)
فَرْشِ كُهَن‌پُودِه: الْبِسَاطُ الْبَالِي الْمُتَهَرِّئُ (إستعَارَةٌ عَنِ الدُّنْيَا وَمَتَاعِهَا)
رَهْ‌تُوشِه: زَادُ الطَّرِيقِ أَوْ زَادُ السَّفَرِ الْأُخْرَوِيِّ

Persian Text

دادگری دید برای صواب
صورت بیدادگری را به خواب

گفت «خدا با تو ظالم چه کرد؟
در شبت از روز مظالم چه کرد؟»

گفت «چو بر من به سر آمد حیات
در نِگَریدم به همه کاینات

تا به من امید هدایت که‌راست
یا به خدا چشم عنایت که‌راست

در دلِ کس شَفْقَتی از من نبود
هیچکسی را به کرم ظن نبود

لرزه درافتاد به من بر چو بید
روی خجل گشته و دل ناامید

طرح به غرقاب درانداختم
تکیه به آمرزش حق ساختم

که‌ای منِ مسکین به تو در شرمسار
از خجلان درگذر و درگذار!

گرچه ز فرمان تو بگذشته‌ام
رد مکنم کز همه رد گشته‌ام

یا ادبِ من به شراری بکن
یا به خلافِ همه کاری بکن

چون خجلم دید ز یاری‌رسان
یاری من کرد کس بی‌کسان

فیض کرم را سخنم درگرفت
بار من افکند و مرا برگرفت

هر نفسی کآن به ندامت بود
شحنهٔ غوغای قیامت بوَد

جمله نفس‌های تو ای باد‌سنج
کیل زیانست و ترازوی رنج

کیل زیان سال و مهت بوده گیر
این مه و این سال بپیموده گیر

مانده ترازوی تو بی سنگ و در
کیل تهی گشته و پیمانه پر

سنگ زمی سنگ ترازو مکن
مُهره گِل مُهره بازو مکن

یک درم است آنچه بدو بنده‌ای
یک نفس است آنچه بدو زنده‌ای

هر چه در این پرده ستانی بده
خود مَسِتان تا بتوانی بده

تا بود آنروز که باشد بهی
گردنت آزاد و دهانت تهی

وام یتیمان نَبُوَد دامنت
بارکش پیره‌زنان گردنت

باز هِل این فرشِ کهن‌پوده را
طرح کن این دامن آلوده را

یا چو غریبان پیِ ره‌توشه گیر
یا چو نظامی ز جهان گوشه گیر

Related Branches
Baghdad
broken clouds
27 ° C
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44%
9.3m/s
68%
Tue
26 °
Wed
33 °
Thu
35 °
Fri
36 °
Sat
36 °

Blooming

The Story of Prophet Solomon and the Farmer in the Desert...

English Translation In this first section (verses 1–13), the sage Nizami Ganjavi crafts a profound philosophical dialogue between Solomon—representing the intellect concerned with outward phenomena,...