HomeGhazalsSheikh Kamal Khujandi's criticism of the outward practices of Sufism

Sheikh Kamal Khujandi’s criticism of the outward practices of Sufism

Servitude to the Truth is absolute freedom, and that the outward form of Sufism without its essence is a veil between the servant and his Lord.

This Ghazal represents a declaration of “true love” in the face of “religious hypocrisy”; Where Kamal Khujandi, with his penetrating insight, articulates the stance of the gnostic who sees in humility at the threshold of Truth true sovereignty, and rejects the contrived displays of ecstasy performed by those who falsely claim to be Sufis through dance.

English Translation

Indeed, separation from You for even an hour does not restore the purity of my soul, and every comfort found with anyone other than You is, in the eyes of my heart, a desolation and an alienation that I cannot accept it.

He tells me: ”Depart from this door (God doorstep) so that you may be the ruler of your time and master of yourself.”, then I said: How can I accept poverty, after having attained the glory of kings through my proximity to you?

For I dare not say to your servants that I am but the dust of your threshold, for boasting before the masters of greatness is an ignorance unbecoming of me.

So I asked him: Show me the reflection of the spirit in the purity of your cheek. He replied coquettishly: Exaggerating the manifestation and appearance of the self each time is something I cannot bear.

And I will not refrain from your ruby ​​lips, as long as your eyes quench my thirst with the wine of ecstasy. Being in the company of those who feign asceticism in a gathering of drunkards (those who have lost their balance) is meaningless to me.

And I have renounced my superficial asceticism since I beheld your face. My love is pure and selfless (I am a sincere lover), and the deceit of pretenders (those who feign Sufism and asceticism) cannot work for me.

The Sufis call to me, saying: “Rise, Kamal, and dance with us, just as we do.” But this contrived ecstasy and these hypocritical states are unbearable to my soul.

Contextual and Gnostic Footnotes

The Station of “Sultan of Time”: Kamal Khujandi refers to the concept of “son of the time” among the Sufis, who is someone who is not preoccupied with the past or the future from the truth. The Sheikh explains that the greatest power lies in spiritual proximity, and that independence from the Truth is true poverty, no matter how much power one may appear to possess.

Criticism of “Dance and Ecstasy”: This verse reflects Kamal tendencies of the Malamatiyya and their criticism of the outward rituals of Sufism. For them, ecstasy must spring from burning passion, an inner self, not a physical representation; he prefers the burning silence and stillness to “listening” tainted by hypocrisy.

The concept of “Pakbaz” (the risk-taking lover): The term means one who truly “loses everything” for the sake of the beloved. In the school of Kamal, love is a spiritual gamble that accepts no half measures, and abandoning “asceticism” is abandoning the selfishness behind which the ascetic hides.

A double entendre: In his saying “Khud Nama’i,” he combines the meaning of “arrogance” with the meaning of “revealing the truth for its own sake.” The divine beloved is veiled by His beauty from sight, and He is only revealed to the truthful ones who have purified themselves from deception.

Summary of Ghazal

In this Ghazal, Sheikh Kamal affirms that servitude to the Truth is absolute freedom, and that the outward form of Sufism without its essence is a veil between the servant and his Lord. He prefers to be truthful, even to the point of vanishing in a single glance, rather than to be a vain, self-congratulatory “Sufi.” For him, truthfulness is the standard of perfection.

Vocabulary

Khosh Namiyad: It doesn’t please me / It doesn’t delight me
Ashna’i: Acquaintance or companionship (here meaning turning to other than God)
Sultan Waqt: Master of time (a spiritual station)
Gada’i: Begging (here meant turning away from the divine source)
Chaker: Servant
Khud Sita’i: Self-admiration or boasting
Ab ‘Aridh: Water of the cheek (a metaphor for beauty)
Khud Nama’i: Pretense or fame
Nabarhizam: I am not cautious / I am not pious
Parsa’i: Piety and scrupulousness
Pakbaz: One who truly risks everything (the sincere lover) Daghā’ī: deception or trickery

Arabic Translation

يُمَثِّلُ هَذَا النَّصُّ إعلان “العِشْقِ الصَّادِقِ” فِي مُوَاجَهَةِ “الرِّیَاءِ الدِّینِيِّ”؛ حَيْثُ یَصُوغُ كَمَال خجندي بَبَصِیرَتِهِ النَّافِذَةِ مَوْقِفَ العَارِفِ الَّذِي یَرَى فِي التَّذَلُّلِ عَلَى عَتَبَةِ الحَقِّ سَلْطَنَةً حَقِیقِیَّةً، وَیَرْفُضُ مَظَاهِرَ الوَجْدِ الـمَصْنُوعِ الَّتِي یُؤَدِّیهَا أَدْعِیَاءُ التَّصَوُّفِ من خلال الرقص

إِنَّ الفِرَاقَ عنكَ لِسَاعَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ لَا تسْتَقِیمُ فيها صَفَاءِ الرُوح لي، وَكُلُّ أُنْسٍ بِسِوَاكَ هُوَ فِي عَيْنِ قَلْبِي وَحْشَةٌ وَغُرْبَةٌ لَا أَرتَضِیهَا

تَقُولُ لِي: أرْحَلْ عَنْ هَذَا البَابِ لِتَكُونَ سُلْطَانَ زَمَانِكَ وَسَیِّدَ نَفْسِكَ، وَلَكِنْ كَيْفَ أَقْبَلُ بِالفَقْرِ، بَعْدَ أَنْ نِلْتُ بِمُجَاوَرَتِكَ عِزَّ الـمُلُوكِ؟

فلَا أَجْرُؤُ أَنْ أَقُولَ لِخُدَّامِكَ إِنِّي غُبَارُ عَتَبَتِكَ؛ فَالتَّفَاخُرُ بِالذَّاتِ أَمَامَ أَرْبَابِ العَظَمَةِ هُوَ جَهْلٌ لَا یَلِیقُ بِي

فسَأَلْتُهُ: أَرِنِا (أرني) إنْعِكَاسَ الرُّوحِ فِي صَفَاءِ وَجْنَتِكَ، فَأَجَابَنِي بِدَلَالٍ: إِنَّ الـمُبَالَغَةَ فِي التَّجَلِّي وَظُهُورِ الذَّاتِ فِي كُل مَرة، أَمْرٌ لَا یَهُونُ عَلَيَّ

ولَن أَحْتَرِزُ عَنْ شَفَتَيْكَ الیَاقُوتِیَّتَيْنِ، مَا دَامَتْ عَيْنَاكَ تَسْقِیَانِي شَراب الوَجْدِ؛ فالتواجد مع أصَحابِ الزُّهْدُ الـمُتَصَنَّعُ فِي مَحْفِلِ السُكارى (فاقدي تُوازنهم) لَا مَعْنَى لَهُ عندي

ولَقَدْ أنكرتُ زُهْدِي الشَّكْلِيِّ، مُنْذُ أَنْ أَبْصَرْتُ وَجْهَكَ؛ فَأَنَا عِشْقِي مُجَرَّدٌ مِنَ الغَرَضِ (عاشقٌ صادقٌ)، وَلَا يَستَقيم لِي مَكْرِ الـمُدَّعِینَ (مُدعي التَصوف والزُهد)

فیَدْعُونِي الصُّوفِیَّةُ قَائِلِینَ: أنهَضْ یَا كَمَال، وَأرْقُصْ معنا، تماماً كَمَا نَفْعَلُ، وَلَكِنَّ هَذَا الوَجْدَ الـمُصْطَنَعَ، وَتِلْكَ الأَحْوَالَ الـمُرَائِیَةَ لَا تُطِیقُهَا نَفْسِي

الهَوَامِشُ السِّیاقِیَّةُ وَالعِرْفَانِیَّةُ

مَقَامُ “سُلْطَانِ الوَقْتِ”: یُشِیرُ كَمَال خُجَنْدِي إِلَى مَفْهُومِ “ابْنِ الوَقْتِ” عِنْدَ الصُّوفِیَّةِ، وَهُوَ مَنْ لَا یَشْغَلُهُ مَاضٍ وَلَا مُسْتَقْبَلٌ عَنِ الحَقِّ. یُبَيِّنُ الشَّيْخُ أَنَّ أَعْظَمَ سَلْطَنَةٍ هِيَ فِي الـمُجَاوَرَةِ الرُّوحِیَّةِ، وَأَنَّ الِاسْتِقْلَالَ عَنِ الحَقِّ هُوَ “فَقْرٌ” حَقِیقِيٌّ مَهْمَا بَدَا من سَلْطَنَةً

نَقْدُ “الرَّقْصِ وَالوَجْدِ”: یَعْكِسُ هَذَا البَيْتُ نَزْعَةَ كَمَال “الـمَلَامَتِیَّةِ” وَانْتِقَادَهُ لِلرُّسُومِ الظَّاهِرِیَّةِ لِلتَّصَوُّفِ، فالوَجْدُ عِنْدَهُ لَا بُدَّ أَنْ یَكُونَ نَابِعًا مِنْ حُرْقَةٍ دَاخِلِیَّةٍ لَا تَمْثِیلًا حَرَكِیًّا، فهُوَ یُفَضِّلُ الصَّمْتَ وَالسُّكُونَ الـمُحْرِقَ عَلَى “السَّمَاعِ” الَّذِي دَخَلَهُ الرِّیَاءُ

مَفْهُومُ “پَاكْبَاز” (العَاشِقُ الـمُخَاطِرُ): الـمُصْطَلَحُ یَعْنِي الَّذِي “یَخْسَرُ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ” صِدْقًا فِي سَبِیلِ الـمَحْبُوبِ، و فِي مَدْرَسَةِ كَمَال، العِشْقُ هُوَ قِمَارٌ رُوحِيٌّ لَا یَقْبَلُ أَنْصَافَ الحُلُولِ، وَتَرْكُ “الزُّهْدِ” هُوَ تَرْكٌ لِلأَنَانِیَّةِ الَّتِي یَتَخَفَّى خَلْفَهَا الزَّاهِدُ

تَوْرِيَة: فِي قَوْلِهِ “خُود نَمَائِى”، یَجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مَعْنَى “التَّكَبُّرِ” وَبَيْنَ مَعْنَى “إِظْهَارِ الحَقِّ لِذَاتِهِ”، فَالـمَحْبُوبُ الإِلَهِيُّ مُتَحَجِّبٌ بِجَمَالِهِ عَنِ الأَبْصَارِ، وَلَا یَنْكَشِفُ إِلَّا لِأَهْلِ الصِّدْقِ الَّذِینَ طَهَّرُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ مِنَ (الخِدَاعِ)

مُلَخَّصُ الغَزَلِ

یُؤَكِّدُ الشَّيْخُ كَمَال فِي هَذَا الغَزَلِ أَنَّ العُبُودِیَّةَ لِلْحَقِّ هِيَ الحُرِّیَّةُ الـمُطْلَقَةُ، وَأَنَّ رَسْمَ التَّصَوُّفِ دُونَ جَوْهَرِهِ هُوَ حِجَابٌ بَیْنَ العَبْدِ وَرَبِّهِ. هُوَ یُؤْثِرُ أَنْ یَكُونَ صَادِقًا یَفْنَى فِي نَظْرَةٍ، عَلَى أَنْ یَكُونَ “صُوفِیًّا” مُتَرَاقِصًا یُبَاهِي بِحَالِهِ، الصِّدْقُ عِنْدَهُ هُوَ مِعْیَارُ الكَمَالِ

المفردات

خُوش نَمِى‌آیَد: لَا یَرُوقُ لِي / لَا یَسُرُّنِي
آشْنَائِى: مَعْرِفَةٌ أَوْ صُحْبَةٌ (یُرَادُ بِهَا هُنَا الالتِفَاتُ لِغَيْرِ اللهِ)
سُلْطَانِ وَقْت: سَیِّدُ الزَّمَانِ (مَقَامٌ رُوحِيٌّ)
گَدَائِى: التَّسَوُّلُ (یُرَادُ بِهِ هُنَا الابْتِعَادُ عَنِ الـمَصْدَرِ الإِلَهِيِّ)
چَاكِر: خَادِمٌ
خُود سِتَائِى: عُجْبٌ بِالنَّفْسِ أَوْ مَفَاخَرَةٌ
آبِ عَارِض: مَاءُ الوَجْنَةِ (كِنَايَةٌ عَنِ البَهَاءِ)
خُود نَمَائِى: التَّظَاهُرُ أَوْ الشُّهْرَةُ
نَپَرْهِیزَم: لَا أَحْتَرِزُ / لَا أَتَّقِي
پَارْسَائِى: التُّقَى وَالوَرَعُ
پَاكْبَاز: مَنْ یُقَامِرُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ صِدْقًا (العَاشِقُ الصَّادِقُ)
دَغَائِى: خِدَاعٌ أَوْ مَكْرٌ

Persian Text

از تو یک ساعت جدایی خوش نمی‌آید مرا
با دگر کس آشنایی خوش نمی آید مرا

گویی‌ام رو زین در وسلطان وقت و خویش باش
بعد سلطانی گدایی خوش نمی‌آید مرا

چاکرانت را نمی‌گویم که خاک آن درم
با بُزُرگان خود ستایی خوش نمی‌آید مرا

گفتمش در آب عارض عکس جان با ما نمای
گفت هر دم خود نمایی خوش نمی‌آید مرا

از لب لعلت نپرهیزم بدور آن دو چشم
پیش مستان پارسایی خوش نمی‌آید مرا

منکر زهدم برویت تا نظر باز آمدم
پاکبازم من دغایی خوش نمی‌آید مرا

صوفیان گویند چون ما خیز و در رقص آ کمال
حالت و وجد ریایی خوش نمی‌آید مرا

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